Before the name change in the year 2022, Toronto Metropolitan University was known as Ryerson University. Given the percentage grade, calculate and return the letter grade that would appear in the Ryerson grades transcript. This letter grade should...

Determine whether the sequence of items is strictly ascending so that each element is strictly larger (not just merely equal to) than the element that precedes it. Return True if the elements in the list of items are strictly ascending,...

Given a list of items whose length is guaranteed to be even (note that “oddly” enough, zero is an even number), create and return a list produced by performing a perfect riffle to the items by interleaving the items of the two halves of the list...

Check that the given positive integer n contains only odd digits (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9) when it is written out. Return True if this is the case, and False otherwise. Note that this question is not asking whether the number n itself is odd or even. Yo...

A nonnegative integer is said to be a cyclops number if it consists of an odd number of digits so that the middle (more poetically, the “eye”) digit is a zero, and all the other digits of that number are non zero. This function should determine wheth...

A single domino tile is represented as a two-tuple of its pip values, such as (2,5) or (6,6). This function should determine whether the given list of tiles forms a cycle so that each tile in the list ends with the exact same pip value that its succe...

This problem was inspired by the Mathologer video “Secret of Row 10”. To start, assume the existence of three values called “red”, “yellow” and “blue”. These names serve as colourful (heh) mnemonics and could as well have been 0, 1, and 2, or “foo”...

An element in a list of items is a dominator if every element to its right (not just the one element immediately to its right, but all of them) is strictly smaller than that element. Note how according to this definition, the last item of the lis...

Given a string of digits guaranteed to only contain ordinary integer digit characters 0 to 9, create and return the list of increasing integers acquired from reading these digits in order from left to right. The first integer in the result list is ma...

Write a function that takes a parameter and returns the type of the variable as a string. The function should accept one parameter and return a string indicating whether the variable is of type int, float or str.

Constraints:

• The input will...

Write a function that takes two parameters: a value and a type to cast to. The function should cast the input value to the specified type and return the result. This problem is designed to help you practice variable casting and type conversion betw...

Write a function that takes an integer and returns "Even" if the number is even, or "Odd" if the number is odd. This problem is designed to help you practice using if statements and modulo operations. The function should accept one parameter an...

Write a function that takes two numbers and returns a string indicating their comparison result. The function should accept two parameters and return:

• "Greater" if the first number is greater than the second.
• "Less" if the first number is le...

Write a function that takes a string and a position (index) and returns the character at that position in the string. This problem is designed to help you practice string indexing. The function should accept two parameters and return the character...

Write a function that takes a string and returns the string reversed. This problem is designed to help you practice string manipulation and slicing. The function should accept one parameter and return the reversed string.

Constraints:

• The input...

Write a function that takes two strings and returns True if the second string is a substring of the first string, or False otherwise. This problem is designed to help you practice string searching. The function should accept two parameters and...

Write a function that takes two strings and returns a new string that is the concatenation of the two input strings. This problem is designed to help you practice string concatenation. The function should accept two parameters and return the concat...

Write a function that takes a context string and a value, and returns a formatted string combining both. This problem is designed to help you practice string formatting. The function should accept two parameters and return the formatted string.

Co...

Write a function that takes a list of numbers and returns the sum of all the elements. This problem is designed to help you practice working with lists and basic iteration. The function should accept one parameter and return the sum of the elements...

Write a function that takes a list of numbers and returns the largest element. This problem is designed to help you practice working with lists and finding maximum values. The function should accept one parameter and return the largest element.

Co...

Write a function that takes a list and returns a new list with the elements in reverse order. This problem is designed to help you practice working with lists and reversing sequences. The function should accept one parameter and return the reversed...

Write a function that takes a list of numbers and returns a new list with the elements sorted in ascending order. This problem is designed to help you practice using built-in sorting methods. The function should accept one parameter and return the...

Write a function that takes a list and a value, and returns a new list with all occurrences of the specified value removed. This problem is designed to help you practice removing items from lists. The function should accept two parameters and retur...

Write a function that takes two lists and returns a new list that is the concatenation of the two input lists. This problem is designed to help you practice joining lists. The function should accept two parameters and return the combined list.

Con...

Write a function that takes a list and a value, and returns True if the value is in the list, or False otherwise. This problem is designed to help you practice searching for items in lists. The function should accept two parameters and return a...

Write a function that takes a dictionary and a key, and returns the value associated with the key. This problem is designed to help you practice accessing values in dictionaries. The function should accept two parameters and return the value corres...

Write a function that takes a dictionary, a key, and a value, and returns a new dictionary with the key-value pair added. This problem is designed to help you practice adding items to dictionaries. The function should accept three parameters and re...

Write a function that takes a dictionary and a key, and returns a new dictionary with the specified key removed. This problem is designed to help you practice removing items from dictionaries. The function should accept two parameters and return th...

Write a function that takes a positive integer N and returns a list of numbers from N down to 1. This problem is designed to help you practice looping backwards using a for loop. The function should accept one parameter and return the list of numbe...

Write a function that takes a start number, an end number, and a step size, and returns a list of numbers starting from the start number up to but not including the end number, incremented by the step size. This problem is `designed to help you pract...

Write a function that takes two integers, start and end, and returns a list of all even numbers between start and end (inclusive). This problem is designed to help you practice using for loops and conditionals. The function should accept two parame...

Write a function that takes a positive integer N and returns its factorial calculated using a for loop. This problem is designed to help you practice using for loops for calculations. The function should accept one parameter and return the factoria...

Write a function that takes a positive integer N and returns the sum of all numbers from 1 to N using a while loop. This problem is designed to help you practice using while loops. The function should accept one parameter and return the sum.

Const...

Write a function that takes a positive integer N and returns its reverse using a while loop. This problem is designed to help you practice using while loops and working with numbers. The function should accept one parameter and return the reversed...

Write a function that takes a positive integer N and returns a list containing the Fibonacci sequence up to N terms using a while loop. This problem is designed to help you practice using while loops and generating sequences. The function should ac...

Write a function that takes a positive integer N and returns the number of digits it contains using a while loop. This problem is designed to help you practice using while loops and working with numbers. The function should accept one parameter and...

Write a function that takes two integers: start and an end (interval definition, exclusive) and returns all identified prime numbers in a list. You should create a helper function to perform the primality check. This problem is `designed to h...

Write a function that takes two parameters: a list of integers and an integer exponent. The objective is to return a list of integers where each of the provided numbers have been raised to the power of the exponent. You should use the provided...

Implement a primitive calculator that accepts some operation code with two parameters operand1 and operand2 . This problem is designed to help you practice using and calling custom functions. The helper functions should accept two parameters...

Write a function that takes a list of words and identifies which words are palindromes. This problem is designed to help you practice creating and calling custom functions. The helper function should accept one word and return a boolean value.

Con...

Write a function that takes a birthdate as a string in the format "YYYY-MM-DD" and returns the age in years as an integer. This problem is designed to help you practice working with dates and calculating time differences. The function should accept...

Write a function that takes a date string in the format "YYYY-MM-DD" and an integer number of days to add. The function should return a new date string in the same format after adding the specified number of days. This problem is `designed to help yo...

Write a function that takes two date strings in the format "YYYY-MM-DD" and returns the number of days between them as an integer. This problem is designed to help you practice calculating the difference between dates. The function should accept tw...

Write a function that takes a time string in the format "HH:MM:SS" and returns it in 12-hour format with AM/PM. This problem is designed to help you practice time formatting. The function should accept one parameter and return the formatted time as...

Write a function that takes a year as an integer and returns True if it is a leap year, or False otherwise. This problem is designed to help you practice working with dates and leap year calculations. The function should accept one parameter an...

Write a function that takes two numbers and returns the minimum of the two using built-in functions. This problem is designed to help you practice using built-in functions for finding minimum values. The function should accept two parameters and re...

Write a function that takes two numbers and returns the maximum of the two using built-in functions. This problem is designed to help you practice using built-in functions for finding maximum values. The function should accept two parameters and re...

Write a function that takes two numbers, base and exponent, and returns the result of raising the base to the power of the exponent using built-in functions. This problem is designed to help you practice using built-in functions for exponentiation....

Write a function that takes a number and returns its absolute value using built-in functions. This problem is designed to help you practice using built-in functions for calculating absolute values. The function should accept one parameter and retur...